Tuesday, February 02, 2021 T 1370/15 - A board is allowed to introduce common general knowledge without evidence also in inter partes

The use of grids is well known in the art

After his patent was revoked in opposition, the proprietor filed an appeal. The opponent (respondent) did not make any submissions in response to the appeal. The board was not convinced that the appellant's requests were inventive taking the common general knowledge of the person skilled in the art into account. In particular, the common general knowledge should not be restricted to the material presented in the first-instance proceedings or the oral proceedings by the appellant. 

The board provided the following catchword:

Not only in ex parte-, but also in inter partes appeal proceedings, a board is allowed to introduce new ex officio common general knowledge without evidence of such knowledge which prejudices maintenance of the patent, to the extent that the board is knowledgeable in the respective technical field from the experience of its members working on cases in this field. (See Reasons, point 5.3)

(emphasis added)

Friday, March 02, 2018 R 3/16 - Do not frighten the Board of Appeal

This is a petition for review against a decision of a Board of Appeal rejecting the opposition of an opponent in an opposition case. During opposition the opponent requested replacement of the members of the division based on a suspicion of partiality. This request was rejected by the opposition division. 

The opponent then filed an appeal together with (late) new documents in which he made many new harsh requests. According to some of those requests  (a) the Board should have remitted the case to the opposition division without oral proceeding and before a different composition of the division, (b) the Board should have excluded a rapporteur of the Board from the proceedings because of his alleged incompetence (c) the Board should have been enlarged by a legally qualified member acquainted with the right to be heard issue ...(g) oral proceedings should have been held public such that members of the public could have witnessed the correctness of handling of the proceedings by the Board.

The Board considered request (a) inadmissible. The opponent/appellant insisted on request (a) and indicated that if request (a) was not fulfilled, a petition for review on the ground of procedural violation would have been risen. The appellant even filed to the Board a document describing the skills required by a technically qualified member of the Board of Appeal to show to the Board that the rapporteur objected did not qualified for the function, that the conduct of the Board was a disgrace and went on with this line of mistrust reasoning.

A petition for review was finally filed on the grounds of several procedural violations of the opposition division and Board of Appeal.

As one may expect the Enlarged Board found the conduct of the petitioner quite disrespectful and discarded the petition as clearly unallowable.   

Thursday, February 15, 2018 R 4/17 - Four is a party

In the present case, the Opponent appealed the decision of the Opposition Division to maintain the patent as granted. The Board of Appeal sent three registered - but without advice of delivery - communications (notice of appeal; statement of the grounds of appeal; further letter) to the Respondent-Proprietor. In the absence of any response from the Proprietor to these letters, the Board of Appeal considered itself to be in a position to issue a decision revoking the patent without the need to hold oral proceedings. This decision of the Board was sent to the parties under cover of a registered letter with advice of delivery. 

The Proprietor filed a petition for review of the decision, arguing that it had no record of ever having received the first three letters, thus depriving him of his right to be heard.

The Enlarged Board now deals with this petition for review, and finds that in the present case, the Proprietor had, within the meaning of Article 113(1) EPC, no opportunity at all to comment on the grounds for the decision under review. This qualifies as a fundamental violation of his right to be heard.


Catchwords:
In the event of any dispute about whether a letter from the EPO reached the addressee or on which date, it is incumbent on the EPO to establish that the letter has reached its destination or to establish the date on which the letter was delivered to the addressee (Reasons, point 2).

[...] parties must be able to rely on the EPO complying with the relevant provisions of the EPC and, at least for the purposes of Article 113(1) EPC, they and their representatives have no duty to monitor the proceedings themselves by regularly inspecting the electronic file (Reasons, point 4).

In respect of the implausibility of the non-arrival of letters put forward by the Other Party the Enlarged Board considers that it cannot be expected that the Petitioner should prove a negative, that is the nonreceipt of a letter, or provide a plausible explanation for non-receipt (Reasons, point 4). 

Friday, February 02, 2018 R 8/16 - A plurality of petition grounds

A petition for review with many grounds...

In opposition proceedings, the patent was upheld with amended claims. During appeal by the proprietor and an opponent, the Board revoked the patent for added subject-matter.

The proprietor-appellant filed a petition for review under Article 112a EPC against the decision of the Board. The petition lists various grounds, as enumerated below.

The EBA discusses the admissability and allowability of these grounds, including whether a counter-argument put forward during oral proceedings also represents a formal objection under Rule 106 EPC (admissibility of ground D), whether the right to be heard is violated if an admission of a request is not reasoned (allowability of ground C), whether the BoA is free to determine the order in which the requests are discussed (allowability of ground C), and why it is needed for the petition to already contain the specific arguments w.r.t. a fundamental violation of Article 113 EPC (rather than those being specified in a later response or during oral proceedings) (allowability of ground D)

Catchwords:
1. Only parties adversely affected by a decision may resort to a procedure under Article 112a EPC. The term 'fundamental violation' in Article 112a(2)(c) EPC also must be read in this light. An alleged violation cannot be fundamental, in the sense of 'intolerable', if it does not cause an adverse effect. (Reasons, point 23).

2. The principle of party disposition expressed in Article 113(2) EPC does not extend so as to permit a party to dictate how and in which order a deciding body of the EPO may examine the subject-matter before it. The only obligation on the EPO is not to overlook any still pending request in the final decision. A Board has no particular duty to give reasons why it chose to proceed as it did (Reasons, point 25).

3. A Board has no obligation to peruse the whole file of the first instance proceedings. It is the duty of the parties to raise issues again in the appeal proceedings, to the extent necessary, as stipulated by Articles 12(1) and (2) RPBA: "Appeal proceedings shall be based on [the submissions of the parties filed in the appeal proceedings, which] ... should specify expressly all the facts, arguments and evidence relied on" (Reasons, point 38).

The petition grounds:
XI. Right to be heard violations, Art. 112a(2)(c) and 113 EPC

A. The written decision of the Board contained no reasons why the claims as upheld by the Opposition Division were not allowable, thus not permitting the petitioner to understand why the decision under appeal was reversed.

B. The Board's decision did not explain what happened to the earlier withdrawn requests, but only referred to the petitioner's final requests that it confirmed at the end of the oral proceedings.

C. The decision contained no reasons why the main request was admitted, and why this decision was only made after the decision not to admit the later withdrawn auxiliary requests. This lack of reasons in the decision violated the petitioner's right to be heard, because arguments need not only be heard, but also must be acknowledged in a decision of the EPO.

D. The Board did not consider the main arguments of the petitioner, why the "only two bearing" feature does not add subject-matter. (...). The petitioner also submitted that the arguments not mentioned could well have changed the outcome of the decision.

XII. Fundamental procedural defect, Art. 112a(2)(d) EPC

E. The Board did not decide on a request pursuant to Rule 104(b) EPC, in that the main request was discussed and decided on only after a discussion and decision on the claims as upheld. In this respect, the petitioner raised an objection under Rule 106 EPC.

XIV. Further procedural violations

F. The petitioner was led into the inescapable trap of Article 123(2)/(3) EPC by the Examining Division, i.e. the European Patent Organisation itself provoked the error.

G. The petitioner lost its patent on a 'formalistic issue', against the spirit of Article 4(3) EPC, and after having spent considerable sums.

H. The considerations underlying petition grounds F and G were not taken into account by the Board, when revoking the patent, in full knowledge of pending parallel infringement actions.

Tuesday, July 26, 2016 T 803/12 - No right to two instances

In continuation of the patent being revoked in opposition due to lack of sufficiency of disclosure, the proprietor appeals the decision. The proprietor requests the case to be remitted to the Opposition Division as he is of the opinion the his right to be heard has been violated and that he is entitled to be heard in two instances according to Art. 32 of the TRIPS agreement and based on Art. 125 EPC, Furthermore, the proprietor requests the Board to order a correction of the minutes of the oral proceedings before the Opposition Division.

The Board disagrees with the proprietor in all aspects. The case is not remitted, the minutes are not corrected and the patent remains revoked.

Friday, July 01, 2016 T 2365/11: arguments to save your patent that fail without proof

In this opposition appeal the patent proprietor tried some interesting procedure related arguments to save his patent. 
A first line of arguments was based on the fact that in a specific letter another opponent was mentioned than the person who filed the opposition. According to the proprietor: "Since the 'true' opponent was therefore not known, and in any case the original opponent had no legal capacity, this constituted a circumvention of law by abuse of due process according to G3/97, rendering the opposition inadmissible." A second line of arguments was that replacing the chairman of the Opposition Division one day before the oral proceedings resulted in a procedural violation. 
The proprietor was not very successful with these arguments. It seems that the problem was that the proprietor could not prove what he argued - at least he did not provide enough evidence and arguments to show that there was a real circumvention of law and that the new chairman was not well-prepared for the oral proceedings.

Tuesday, October 20, 2015 T 1020/15 - Four substantial procedural violations

In examination appeal after a refusal due to an alleged lack of novelty, lack of inventive step and lack of clarity, the decision to refuse was under scrutiny as, among others, not (sufficiently) reasoned. The Board of Appeal identified four substantial procedural violations: comments from the applicant not taken into account (r.1.2.3), not sufficiently substantiated / no reasons given (r.1.2.4; r.1.3; r.1.4), Guidelines not followed (r.1.2.3, r.1.2.6, r.1.3), and interlocutory revision not granted (r.1.11). Further, common general knowledge was not acknowledged (r.1.10.1) which had a major impact on the assessment of patentability. The decision also shows (again) that also "decisions according to the state of the file" need to be as well reasoned as other decisions.

Friday, June 19, 2015 R 6/14 - "The minutes clearly indicate that there were no further requests"

In this petition for review (in German), the appellant (proprietor in opposition appeal against the decision to revoke the patent) argued that his right to be heard on auxiliary requests was violated. The minutes of the oral proceedings indicated that the appellant had withdrawn all requests that were submitted in the written procedure, including the request to maintain the patent as granted. Earlier filed first auxiliary request was maintained as main request. The minutes further indicated that, during further discussion of the factual and legal framework of the appeal, the appellant filed a reformulation of the earlier filed first auxiliary request with handwritten additions, and requested to maintain the patent in amended form according to this "first auxiliary request with handwritten additions", or according to earlier filed aux 4 and aux 7 (current aux 1 and 2) with "the same handwritten additions". All earlier requests were withdrawn. After the chairman asked whether the appellant wanted to filed more requests or remarks, the appellant indicated he did not wish to do so. The chairman subsequently called the debate closed, and, after deliberation, the Board rejected the petition as the claims with the handwritten additions were not prima facie clear. The written decision indicated that the Board exercised its discretion under Art 12(4) and 13(1) RPBA to not admit any of the lastly submitted request into the procedure, so that no requests were pending.

In the petition for review, the appellant submitted that his right to be heard as to the exact formulation of the claims of aux 4 and aux 7 with "the same handwritten additions" was violated, and that the decision was based on an indication about the direction into which the actual amendments would be directed, but that no concrete claim formulation had been submitted yet as reformulations of aux 4 and aux 7 with "the same handwritten additions". The appellant further submitted, in response to a communication of the Enlarged Board, that the minutes did not contain all details as to how the dialogue between the appellant and the Board had taken place.

The Enlarged Board concluded, in a 3-member composition, that the petition was not clearly not inadmissible, but was clearly not allowable, as the minutes clearly indicated what the appellant's request were and that the appellant has no further requests (reason 5-6 and 8), and because the appellant had not immediately challenged the accurateness of the minutes after its notification (reason 7 and 11).

The request for revision was rejected.

Friday, June 12, 2015 R 1/14 - Too late raising of a procedural objection

This is a petition for review against a decision of the board of appeal in an opposition case. The appellant requests the representative to request postponement of the oral proceedings, partly based on an explosion which has happened at the site of the appellant.
The board refused the request. The representative did attend the oral proceedings. At the end of the proceedings he filed an objection in respect of procedural defects: 
"The refusal of the request for postponement of oral proceedings in view of the explosion in the proprietor's facility and the refusal to admit documents E55, E56 and E60 into the proceedings, although filed at least four weeks before the oral proceedings represent a fundamental violation of our right to be heard and constitutes a procedural defect."

The board dismissed this objection raised under R.106 EPC.

The appellant filed a petition for review. The petition was found inadmissible since the objection was not raised in good time. The board was in no position to remedy the issue of postponement once the proceedings were more or less over.